dakota234's profile

i am ready for any thing like war i would be more likely to be leader or sniper i can shout any thing i would kill u in 1 shot i don't miss if u work for me u better not either. and i am a fucking jew if u don't like it u can kiss my ass and i like AT&T pac man does 2 and pac will eat u. i can fight. well i can survive any thing look if u r stuck on i island find long ass sticks find a cave and lock your self in(only do this if u have a knife and rope but vine will do fine if u have a girl give here the hormth she will fall in love with u) first-get the long sticks and tie the rope or vine around the sticks find 2 more long sticks and sharpen 1 side only stick slanted to the top stave sharp ends to the top and the other side to the round of cave (constructed in cave) it is a shield to the opening of the cave if it rains it wont get all in the cave. now i want to talk about world war 2 sad war lets start in the Pacific war December 7, 1941 - Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; also attack the Philippines, Wake Island, Guam, Malaya, Thailand, Shanghai and Midway. December 8, 1941 - U.S. and Britain declare war on Japan. Japanese land near Singapore and enter Thailand. December 9, 1941 - China declares war on Japan. December 10, 1941 - Japanese invade the Philippines and also seize Guam. December 11, 1941 - Japanese invade Burma. December 15, 1941 - First Japanese merchant ship sunk by a U.S. submarine. December 16, 1941 - Japanese invade British Borneo. December 18, 1941 - Japanese invade Hong Kong. December 22, 1941 - Japanese invade Luzon in the Philippines. December 23, 1941 - General Douglas MacArthur begins a withdrawal from Manila to Bataan; Japanese take Wake Island. December 25, 1941 - British surrender at Hong Kong. December 26, 1941 - Manila declared an open city. December 27, 1941 - Japanese bomb Manila. January 2, 1942 - Manila and U.S. Naval base at Cavite captured by the Japanese. January 7, 1942 - Japanese attack Bataan in the Philippines. January 11, 1942 - Japanese invade Dutch East Indies and Dutch Borneo. January 16, 1942 - Japanese begin an advance into Burma. January 18, 1942 - German-Japanese-Italian military agreement signed in Berlin. January 19, 1942 - Japanese take North Borneo. January 23, 1942 - Japanese take Rabaul on New Britain in the Solomon Islands and also invade Bougainville, the largest island. January 27, 1942 - First Japanese warship sunk by a U.S. submarine. January 30/31 - The British withdraw into Singapore. The siege of Singapore then begins. February 1, 1942 - First U.S. aircraft carrier offensive of the war as YORKTOWN and ENTERPRISE conduct air raids on Japanese bases in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. February 2, 1942 - Japanese invade Java in the Dutch East Indies. February 8/9 - Japanese invade Singapore. February 14, 1942 - Japanese invade Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies. February 15, 1942 - British surrender at Singapore. February 19, 1942 - Largest Japanese air raid since Pearl Harbor occurs against Darwin, Australia; Japanese invade Bali. February 20, 1942 - First U.S. fighter ace of the war, Lt. Edward O'Hare from the LEXINGTON in action off Rabaul. February 22, 1942 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General MacArthur out of the Philippines. February 23, 1942 - First Japanese attack on the U.S. mainland as a submarine shells an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California. February 24, 1942 - ENTERPRISE attacks Japanese on Wake Island. February 26, 1942 - First U.S. carrier, the LANGLEY, is sunk by Japanese bombers. February 27- March 1 - Japanese naval victory in the Battle of the Java Sea as the largest U.S. warship in the Far East, the HOUSTON, is sunk. March 4, 1942 - Two Japanese flying boats bomb Pearl Harbor; ENTERPRISE attacks Marcus Island, just 1000 miles from Japan. March 7, 1942 - British evacuate Rangoon in Burma; Japanese invade Salamaua and Lae on New Guinea. March 8, 1942 - The Dutch on Java surrender to Japanese. March 11, 1942 - Gen. MacArthur leaves Corregidor and is flown to Australia. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright becomes the new U.S. commander. March 18, 1942 - Gen. MacArthur appointed commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater by President Roosevelt. March 18, 1942 - War Relocation Authority established in the U.S. which eventually will round up 120,000 Japanese-Americans and transport them to barb-wired relocation centers. Despite the internment, over 17,000 Japanese-Americans sign up and fight for the U.S. in World War II in Europe, including the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, the most decorated unit in U.S. history. March 23, 1942 - Japanese invade the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. March 24, 1942 - Admiral Chester Nimitz appointed as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific theater. April 3, 1942 - Japanese attack U.S. and Filipino troops at Bataan. April 6, 1942 - First U.S. troops arrive in Australia. April 9, 1942 - U.S. forces on Bataan surrender unconditionally to the Japanese. April 10, 1942 - Bataan Death March begins as 76,000 Allied POWs including 12,000 Americans are forced to walk 60 miles under a blazing sun without food or water toward a new POW camp, resulting in over 5,000 American deaths. April 18, 1942 - Surprise U.S. 'Doolittle' B-25 air raid from the HORNET against Tokyo boosts Allied morale. April 29, 1942 - Japanese take central Burma. May 1, 1942 - Japanese occupy Mandalay in Burma. May 3, 1942 - Japanese take Tulagi in the Solomon Islands. May 5, 1942 - Japanese prepare to invade Midway and the Aleutian Islands. May 6, 1942 - Japanese take Corregidor as Gen. Wainwright unconditionally surrenders all U.S. And Filipino forces in the Philippines. May 7-8, 1942 - Japan suffers its first defeat of the war during the Battle of the Coral Sea off New Guinea - the first time in history that two opposing carrier forces fought only using aircraft without the opposing ships ever sighting each other. May 12, 1942 - The last U.S. Troops holding out in the Philippines surrender on Mindanao. May 20, 1942 - Japanese complete the capture of Burma and reach India. June 4-5, 1942 - Turning point in the war occurs with a decisive victory for the U.S. against Japan in the Battle of Midway as squadrons of U.S. torpedo planes and dive bombers from ENTERPRISE, HORNET, and YORKTOWN attack and destroy four Japanese carriers, a cruiser, and damage another cruiser and two destroyers. U.S. loses YORKTOWN. June 7, 1942 - Japanese invade the Aleutian Islands. June 9, 1942 - Japanese postpone further plans to take Midway. July 21, 1942 - Japanese land troops near Gona on New Guinea. August 7, 1942 - The first U.S. amphibious landing of the Pacific War occurs as 1st Marine Division invades Tulagi and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. August 8, 1942 - U.S. Marines take the unfinished airfield on Guadalcanal and name it Henderson Field after Maj. Lofton Henderson, a hero of Midway. August 8/9 - A major U.S. naval disaster off Savo Island, north of Guadalcanal, as eight Japanese warships wage a night attack and sink three U.S. heavy cruisers, an Australian cruiser, and one U.S. destroyer, all in less than an hour. Another U.S. cruiser and two destroyers are damaged. Over 1,500 Allied crewmen are lost. August 17, 1942 - 122 U.S. Marine raiders, transported by submarine, attack Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands. August 21, 1942 - U.S. Marines repulse first major Japanese ground attack on Guadalcanal. August 24, 1942 - U.S. And Japanese carriers meet in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons resulting in a Japanese defeat. August 29, 1942 - The Red Cross announces Japan refuses to allow safe passage of ships containing supplies for U.S. POWs. August 30, 1942 - U.S. Troops invade Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands. September 9/10 - A Japanese floatplane flies two missions dropping incendiary bombs on U.S. forests in the state of Oregon - the only bombing of the continental U.S. during the war. Newspapers in the U.S. voluntarily withhold this information. September 12-14 - Battle of Bloody Ridge on Guadalcanal. September 15, 1942 - A Japanese submarine torpedo attack near the Solomon Islands results in the sinking of the Carrier WASP, Destroyer O'BRIEN and damage to the Battleship NORTH CAROLINA. September 27, 1942 - British offensive in Burma. October 11/12 - U.S. cruisers and destroyers defeat a Japanese task force in the Battle of Cape Esperance off Guadalcanal. October 13, 1942 - The first U.S. Army troops, the 164th Infantry Regiment, land on Guadalcanal. October 14/15 - Japanese bombard Henderson Field at night from warships then send troops ashore onto Guadalcanal in the morning as U.S. planes attack. October 15/17 - Japanese bombard Henderson Field at night again from warships. October 18, 1942 - Vice Admiral William F. Halsey named as the new commander of the South Pacific Area, in charge of the Solomons-New Guinea campaign. October 26, 1942 - Battle of Santa Cruz off Guadalcanal between U.S. And Japanese warships results in the loss of the Carrier HORNET. November 14/15 - U.S. And Japanese warships clash again off Guadalcanal resulting in the sinking of the U.S. Cruiser JUNEAU and the deaths of the five Sullivan brothers. November 23/24 - Japanese air raid on Darwin, Australia. November 30/31 - Battle of Tasafaronga off Guadalcanal. December 2, 1942 - Enrico Fermi conducts the worlds first nuclear chain reaction test at the University of Chicago. December 20-24 - Japanese air raids on Calcutta, India. December 31, 1942 - Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives permission to his troops to withdraw from Guadalcanal after five months of bloody fighting against U.S. Forces 1943 Return to Top of Page January 2, 1943 - Allies take Buna in New Guinea. January 22, 1943 - Allies defeat Japanese at Sanananda on New Guinea. February 1, 1943 - Japanese begin evacuation of Guadalcanal. February 8, 1943 - British-Indian forces begin guerrilla operations against Japanese in Burma. February 9, 1943 - Japanese resistance on Guadalcanal ends. March 2-4 - U.S. victory over Japanese in the Battle of Bismarck Sea. April 18, 1943 - U.S. code breakers pinpoint the location of Japanese Admiral Yamamoto flying in a Japanese bomber near Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. Eighteen P-38 fighters then locate and shoot down Yamamoto. April 21, 1943 - President Roosevelt announces the Japanese have executed several airmen from the Doolittle Raid. April 22, 1943 - Japan announces captured Allied pilots will be given "one way tickets to hell." May 10, 1943 - U.S. Troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands. May 14, 1943 - A Japanese submarine sinks the Australian hospital ship CENTAUR resulting in 299 dead. May 31, 1943 - Japanese end their occupation of the Aleutian Islands as the U.S. completes the capture of Attu. June 1, 1943 - U.S. begins submarine warfare against Japanese shipping. June 21, 1943 - Allies advance to New Georgia, Solomon Islands. July 8, 1943 - B-24 Liberators flying from Midway bomb Japanese on Wake Island. August 1/2 - A group of 15 U.S. PT-boats attempt to block Japanese convoys south of Kolombangra Island in the Solomon Islands. PT-109, commanded by Lt. John F. Kennedy, is rammed and sunk by the Japanese Cruiser AMAGIRI, killing two and badly injuring others. The crew survives as Kennedy aids one badly injured man by towing him to a nearby atoll. August 6/7, 1943 - Battle of Vella Gulf in the Solomon Islands. August 25, 1943 - Allies complete the occupation of New Georgia. September 4, 1943 - Allies recapture Lae-Salamaua, New Guinea. October 7, 1943 - Japanese execute approximately 100 American POWs on Wake Island. October 26, 1943 - Emperor Hirohito states his country's situation is now "truly grave." November 1, 1943 - U.S. Marines invade Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. November 2, 1943 - Battle of Empress Augustusta Bay. November 20, 1943 - U.S. Troops invade Makin and Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. November 23, 1943 - Japanese end resistance on Makin and Tarawa. December 15, 1943 - U.S. Troops land on the Arawe Peninsula of New Britain in the Solomon Islands. December 26, 1943 - Full Allied assault on New Britain as 1st Division Marines invade Cape Gloucester. 1944 Return to Top of Page January 9, 1944 - British and Indian troops recapture Maungdaw in Burma. January 31, 1944 - U.S. Troops invade Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands. February 1-7, 1944 - U.S. Troops capture Kwajalein and Majura Atolls in the Marshall Islands. February 17/18 - U.S. Carrier-based planes destroy the Japanese naval base at Truk in the Caroline Islands. February 20, 1944 - U.S. Carrier-based and land-based planes destroy the Japanese base at Rabaul. February 23, 1944 - U.S. Carrier-based planes attack the Mariana Islands. February 24, 1944 - Merrill's Marauders begin a ground campaign in northern Burma. March 5, 1944 - Gen. Wingate's groups begin operations behind Japanese lines in Burma. March 15, 1944 - Japanese begin offensive toward Imphal and Kohima. April 17, 1944 - Japanese begin their last offensive in China, attacking U.S. air bases in eastern China. April 22, 1944 - Allies invade Aitape and Hollandia in New Guinea. May 27, 1944 - Allies invade Biak Island, New Guinea. June 5, 1944 - The first mission by B-29 Superfortress bombers occurs as 77 planes bomb Japanese railway facilities at Bangkok, Thailand. June 15, 1944 - U.S. Marines invade Saipan in the Mariana Islands. June 15/16 - The first bombing raid on Japan since the Doolittle raid of April 1942, as 47 B-29s based in Bengel, India, target the steel works at Yawata. June 19, 1944 - The "Marianas Turkey Shoot" occurs as U.S. Carrier-based fighters shoot down 220 Japanese planes, while only 20 American planes are lost. July 8, 1944 - Japanese withdraw from Imphal. July 19, 1944 - U.S. Marines invade Guam in the Marianas. July 24, 1944 - U.S. Marines invade Tinian. July 27, 1944 - American troops complete the liberation of Guam. August 3, 1944 - U.S. And Chinese troops take Myitkyina after a two month siege. August 8, 1944 - American troops complete the capture of the Mariana Islands. September 15, 1944 - U.S. Troops invade Morotai and the Paulaus. October 11, 1944 - U.S. Air raids against Okinawa. October 18, 1944 - Fourteen B-29s based on the Marianas attack the Japanese base at Truk. October 20, 1944 - U.S. Sixth Army invades Leyte in the Philippines. October 23-26 - Battle of Leyte Gulf results in a decisive U.S. Naval victory. October 25, 1944 - The first suicide air (Kamikaze) attacks occur against U.S. warships in Leyte Gulf. By the end of the war, Japan will have sent an estimated 2,257 aircraft. "The only weapon I feared in the war," Adm. Halsey will say later. November 11, 1944 - Iwo Jima bombarded by the U.S. Navy. November 24, 1944 - Twenty four B-29s bomb the Nakajima aircraft factory near Tokyo. December 15, 1944 - U.S. Troops invade Mindoro in the Philippines. December 17, 1944 - The U.S. Army Air Force begins preparations for dropping the Atomic Bomb by establishing the 509th Composite Group to operate the B-29s that will deliver the bomb. 1945 Return to Top of Page January 3, 1945 - Gen. MacArthur is placed in command of all U.S. ground forces and Adm. Nimitz in command of all naval forces in preparation for planned assaults against Iwo Jima, Okinawa and Japan itself. January 4, 1945 - British occupy Akyab in Burma. January 9, 1945 - U.S. Sixth Army invades Lingayen Gulf on Luzon in the Philippines. January 11, 1945 - Air raid against Japanese bases in Indochina by U.S. Carrier-based planes. January 28, 1945 - The Burma road is reopened. February 3, 1945 - U.S. Sixth Army attacks Japanese in Manila. February 16, 1945 - U.S. Troops recapture Bataan in the Philippines. February 19, 1945 - U.S. Marines invade Iwo Jima. March 1, 1945 - A U.S. submarine sinks a Japanese merchant ship loaded with supplies for Allied POWs, resulting in a court martial for the captain of the submarine, since the ship had been granted safe passage by the U.S. Government. March 2, 1945 - U.S. airborne troops recapture Corregidor in the Philippines. March 3, 1945 - U.S. And Filipino troops take Manila. March 9/10 - Fifteen square miles of Tokyo erupts in flames after it is fire bombed by 279 B-29s. March 10, 1945 - U.S. Eighth Army invades Zamboanga Peninsula on Mindanao in the Philippines. March 20, 1945 - British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma. March 27, 1945 - B-29s lay mines in Japan's Shimonoseki Strait to interrupt shipping. April 1, 1945 - The final amphibious landing of the war occurs as the U.S. Tenth Army invades Okinawa. April 7, 1945 - B-29s fly their first fighter-escorted mission against Japan with P-51 Mustangs based on Iwo Jima; U.S. Carrier-based fighters sink the super battleship YAMATO and several escort vessels which planned to attack U.S. Forces at Okinawa. April 12, 1945 - President Roosevelt dies, succeeded by Harry S. Truman. May 8, 1945 - Victory in Europe Day. May 20, 1945 - Japanese begin withdrawal from China. May 25, 1945 - U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff approve Operation Olympic, the invasion of Japan, scheduled for November 1. June 9, 1945 - Japanese Premier Suzuki announces Japan will fight to the very end rather than accept unconditional surrender. June 18, 1945 - Japanese resistance ends on Mindanao in the Philippines. June 22, 1945 - Japanese resistance ends on Okinawa as the U.S. Tenth Army completes its capture. June 28, 1945 - MacArthur's headquarters announces the end of all Japanese resistance in the Philippines. July 5, 1945 - Liberation of Philippines declared. July 10, 1945 - 1,000 bomber raids against Japan begin. July 14, 1945 - The first U.S. Naval bombardment of Japanese home islands. July 16, 1945 - First Atomic Bomb is successfully tested in the U.S. July 26, 1945 - Components of the Atomic Bomb "Little Boy" are unloaded at Tinian Island in the South Pacific. July 29, 1945 - A Japanese submarine sinks the Cruiser INDIANAPOLIS resulting in the loss of 881 crewmen. The ship sinks before a radio message can be sent out leaving survivors adrift for two days. August 6, 1945 - First Atomic Bomb dropped on Hiroshima from a B-29 flown by Col. Paul Tibbets. August 8, 1945 - U.S.S.R. declares war on Japan then invades Manchuria. August 9, 1945 - Second Atomic Bomb is dropped on Nagasaki from a B-29 flown by Maj. Charles Sweeney -- Emperor Hirohito and Japanese Prime Minister Suzuki then decide to seek an immediate peace with the Allies. August 14, 1945 - Japanese accept unconditional surrender; Gen. MacArthur is appointed to head the occupation forces in Japan. August 16, 1945 - Gen. Wainwright, a POW since May 6, 1942, is released from a POW camp in Manchuria. August 27, 1945 - B-29s drop supplies to Allied POWs in China. August 29, 1945 - The Soviets shoot down a B-29 dropping supplies to POWs in Korea; U.S. Troops land near Tokyo to begin the occupation of Japan. August 30, 1945 - The British reoccupy Hong Kong. September 2, 1945 - Formal Japanese surrender ceremony on board the MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay as 1,000 carrier-based planes fly overhead; President Truman declares VJ Day. September 3, 1945 - The Japanese commander in the Philippines, Gen. Yamashita, surrenders to Gen. Wainwright at Baguio. September 4, 1945 - Japanese troops on Wake Island surrender. September 5, 1945 - British land in Singapore. September 8, 1945 - MacArthur enters Tokyo. September 9, 1945 - Japanese in Korea surrender. September 13, 1945 - Japanese in Burma surrender. October 24, 1945 - United Nations is born. no the voices of war Among the audiovisual holdings of the National Archives are more than 50,000 sound recordings, the bulk of which date from the 1930's to the present. From the 1930's are recordings of performances of the Federal Theater and Music Projects of the Works Projects Administration. Beginning in the late 1930's, covering World War II, and continuing to the present, are recordings of press conferences, panel discussions, interviews, and speeches promoting and explaining policies and programs of some 65 Federal agencies. Additional recordings relating to World War II include German, Japanese, and Italian propaganda broadcasts, American propaganda broadcasts in many languages, and news coverage of decisive campaigns of the war. Stemming mainly from the postwar period are recordings of meetings of Government boards and committees and Government-sponsored conferences. Another major category consists of the oral arguments before the Supreme Court during the 1955-68 sessions. Other types of recordings on deposit include entertainment broadcasts (usually supporting some Federal activity), documentaries and dramas relating to U. S. history, recordings of political conventions and campaigns, and extensive news coverage recordings of events such as the Hindenburg disaster. The sound recordings listed in this leaflet are representative of the many recordings in the Audiovisual Archives Division that relate to World War II. They are in chronological order, and the speaker and the subject or occasion of each speech are identified. Where appropriate, highlights have been quoted to further identify the speech. The back cover of this leaflet constitutes a form for ordering tape reproductions of the sound recordings. To order a specific recording, print the date, the name of the speaker, the italicized number that follows the item description, and the cost of the reproduction in the proper columns on the order form. Information on recordings not included in this list is available from the Audiovisual Branch of the National Archives. Unless indicated otherwise, all tapes are recorded at 7.5 I.P.S. (inches per second). An asterisk following a description means that the recording is subject to copyright and/or other restrictions imposed by the agency-of-transfer or by the donor. Information about restrictions on such a recording and instructions for acquiring clearance can be obtained by writing to the Audiovisual Archives Division, National Archives, Washington, DC 20408. Recordings (Arranged By Date) 1937 1937, October 5. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Quarantine" speech at Chicago, Ill,: "..... the will for peace on the part of peace-loving nations must express itself to the end that nations that may be tempted to violate their agreements and the rights of others will desist from such a course." 30 min. RLxA30 1938 1938, February 6. Secretary of State Cordell Hull, "Trade, Prosperity and Peace," an address on the reciprocal trade program. 13 min. 59-1 1938, July 14. President Roosevelt, address at Treasure Island, San Francisco, Calif.: "We fervently hope for the day when the other leading nations of the world will realize that their present course must inevitably lead to disaster." 30 min. RLxA51 1938, August 18. President Roosevelt, address at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario: "We in the Americas are no longer a far away continent, to which the eddies of controversies beyond the seas could bring no interest or no harm." 15 min. 200(R)-189 1938, September 12. Adolf Hitler, address on the Sudeten Germans before a Nazi Congress in Nuremburg. (In German, with English recapitulations at intervals in the speech.) American commentator H. V. Kaltenborn discusses speech and its potential effect on world peace.* 30 min. 48-163 1939 1939, February 20. German-American Bund leader Fritz Kuhn, address to a Bund rally, Madison Square Garden, New York, N.Y.: "We, the German-American Bund, organized as American citizens with American ideals and determined to protect ourselves, our homes, our wives and children against the slimy conspirators who would change this glorious republic into the inferno of a Bolshevik paradise...." (Excerpt; recordings of entire speech and rally are available.) 14 min. 131-71, parts 33, 34, 35, 36 1939, September 3. President Roosevelt, fireside chat after Germany's invasion of Poland: "This nation will remain a neutral nation, but l cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well. ... As long as it remains within my power to prevent, there will be no black-out of peace in the United States." 16 min. RLxA76 1939, September 19. Hitler, address in Danzig; audience cheers and sings "Deutschland ueber Alles," the German national anthem, and the "Horst Wessel Lied" at the end of speech. (In German.) 76 min. 242-182 1939, September 19. Excerpt from Hitler's address in Danzig. Topics Hitler discusses include propaganda against him, the German people's strength and others' weakness, his hatred of war, Germany's attack on Poland and conformity to the rules of warfare, the Versailles Treaty, the Danzig people's suffering after Danzig's separation from the Reich, and Danzig's unity with the German Reich; audience cheers and sings "Deutschland ueber Alles" and the "Horst Wessel Lied." (In German, with English recapitulations at intervals in the speech.) 22 min. 48-295 1939, September 21. President Roosevelt, address before a joint session of Congress, convened in special session upon his call, urging repeal of arms embargo provisions of the Neutrality Act of 1937 and enactment of measures governing American shipping, trade with belligerents, and travel on ships of belligerents. 90 min. RLxA77 1939, October 30. "Deutschland ueber Alles" and the "Horst Wessel Lied," sung at a German-American Bund rally in the Hippodrome, New York, NY 4 min. 131-73, part 14 1940 1940, May 19. Charles A. Lindbergh, radio address on America's air defense, broadcast from Washington, D. C.* 15 min. 200(R)-38 1940, May 19. Winston Churchill, first address to the nation as Prime Minister of Great Britain, broadcast from London: "Behind us, behind the armies and fleets of Britain and France, gather a group of shattered states and bludgeoned races... upon all of whom the long night of barbarism will descend, unbroken even by a star of hope, unless we conquer, as conquer we must, as conquer we shall." Elmer Davis of CBS analyzes the speech following the broadcast.* 15 min. 200(R)-37 1940, May 24. King George VI, Empire Day address, broadcast from London: "It is not mere territorial conquest the enemy is seeking, it is the overthrow, complete and final, of the Empire and of everything for which it stands, and after that the conquest of the world." * 15 min. 200(R)-39 1940, May 26. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on national defense: "At this time, when the world--and the world includes our own American Hemisphere--is threatened by forces of destruction, it is my resolve and yours to build up our armed defenses." 30 min. 200(R)-40 1940, June 10. Benito Mussolini, reading Italy's declaration of war against Great Britain and France. (In Italian.) 15 min. 242-84 1940, June 10. President Roosevelt, address at the University of Virginia: "On this tenth day of June, 1940, the hand that held the dagger has struck it into the back of its neighbor. ... we will extend to the opponents of force the material resources of this nation; and, at the same time, we will harness and speed up the use of those resources in order that we ourselves in the Americas may have equipment and training equal to the task of any emergency and every defense." 30 min. RLxA-86 1940, October 16. President Roosevelt, radio address on Selective Service Registration Day: "We are mobilizing our citizenship, for we are calling on men and women and property and money to join in making our defense effective. Today's registration for training and service is the keystone in the arch of our national defense." 6 min. 200(R)-201A 1940, October 29. President Roosevelt, radio address on the occasion of the drawing of numbers under the Selective Service Act of 1940, Washington, D. C.: "..... our democratic army has existed for one purpose only: the defense of our freedom." 14 min. 200(R)-201B 1940, December 29. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on national security: "There can be no appeasement with ruthlessness.... We must be the great arsenal of democracy." 42 min. 200(R)-83 1941 1941, January 6. President Roosevelt, annual message to Congress: "In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way--everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want--which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants- everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world." 40 min. 200(R)-206 1941, February 24. Raymond E. Willis, U. S. Senator from Indiana, speaking against the lend-lease bill. 15 min. 200(R)-36 1941, March 15. President Roosevelt, address at annual dinner of White House Correspondents' Association: "The light of democracy must be kept burning." 30 min. 200(R)-205 1941, March 29. President Roosevelt, radio address from the U.S.S. Potomac to Jackson Day dinners: ". .. the time calls for courage and more courage." 15 min. 200(R)-205B 1941, April 30. President Roosevelt, radio address on the occasion of his purchase of the first defense savings bond and stamps. 7 min. 200(R)-205A 1941, May 16. Ignace Jan Paderewski, President of the Council of Poland and former Prime Minister of Poland, public service broadcast urging Americans to buy U. S. defense savings bonds and discussing his experience in war-torn Europe, the German invasion of Poland, and the need to defeat Germany. 16 min. 56-58 1941, July 4. President Roosevelt, Fourth of July address at Hyde Park, NY: "..... the United States will never survive as a happy and fertile oasis of liberty surrounded by a cruel desert of dictatorship." 6 min. 200(R)-204B 1941, September 1. President Roosevelt, Labor Day radio address: "..... we shall do everything in our power to crush Hitler and his Nazi forces." l0 min. 200(R)-204C 1941, September 9. "Paul Revere" (Douglas Chandler, an American citizen), propaganda broadcast from the heart of Nazi Germany on the eve of the third anniversary of the Axis Pact. Chandler lauds the Axis victories and castigates the "opponents of world progress led by 'Churchill the Charlatan' and 'Roosevelt the Renegade.'" 15 min. 60-76 1941, September 11. President Roosevelt, fire-side chat on freedom of the seas: "..... when you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you do not wait until he has struck before you crush him." 30 min. 200(R)-207 1941, December 7. KGU newsman's report from a rooftop in Honolulu to NBC in New York describing the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, damage suffered, and the fighting still in process. NBC newsmen read bulletins as they are received.* 15 min. 200(R)-54 1941, December 7. H. V. Kaltenborn analyzes the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.* 15 min. 200(R)-53 1941, December 8. President Roosevelt, address before a joint session of Congress asking that a state of war be declared between the United States and the Japanese Empire: "Yesterday, December 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy...." l3 min. 200(R)-49 1941, December 9. President Roosevelt, fireside chat to the nation following the declaration of war with Japan: "We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows." 29 min. 200(R)-210 1941, December 24. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, Christmas tree lighting ceremonies, White House, Washington, D. C. Roosevelt: "Our strongest weapon in this war is that conviction of the dignity and brotherhood of man which Christmas Day signifies-more than any other day or any other symbol." Churchill: "We may cast aside, for this night at least, the cares and dangers which besiege us and make for the children an evening of happiness in a world of storm."* 30 min. 200(R)-75 1941, December 25. British refugee children in the United States, Canada, and South Africa exchanging Christmas greetings with their parents in Great Britain.* 30 min. 200(R)-71 1941, December 26. Prime Minister Churchill, address to a joint session of Congress: "I cannot help reflecting that if my father had been American and my mother British, instead of the other way 'round, I might have got here on my own." 40 min. 200(R)-74 1941, December 28. "Berlin to North America," German radio broadcast in English, communique from the Fuehrer's headquarters: Supreme Commander's report on German military operation, read by an unidentified announcer; "Lord Haw Haw" (William Joyce), propaganda broadcast to Great Britain. 30 min. 262-21439 1942 1942, February 19. Italian radio broadcast, including a 15-minute speech by Ezra Pound entitled "Power": "The President hath power. The President has no legal power to enter into devious and secret agreements with foreign powers..... To send the boys from Omaha to Singapore to die for British monopoly and brutality is not the act of an American patriot." * 36 min. 262-24390 1942, February 22. CBS public service program to stimulate homefront support of the war effort: Sgt. Alvin C. York, World War I veteran, speaks from Knoxville, Tenn., and Richard Martin Scheuns, Sr., German-American veteran of World War I, speaks from Memphis, Tenn. Barry Kroger, narrator.* 30 min. 48-325 1942, February 22. Mary Anderson, Director of the Women's Bureau, Department of Labor, radio broadcast on women's contributions and value to the war effort, their prewar difficulties in obtaining jobs in industry, the types of positions women fill, and equal wages for men and women. 18 min. 48-360 1942, February 23. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on the progress of the war: "... we must keep on striking our enemies wherever and whenever we can meet them. . . . Never before have we been called upon for such a prodigious effort. Never before have we had so little time in which to do so much." 36 min. 200(R)-211 1942, April 28. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on the Seven-Point Economic Stabilization Program: "The price for civilization must be paid in hard work and sorrow and blood." 34 min. at 3.75 I.P.S. 48-329 1942, May 8. Vice President Henry Wallace. address at dinner of the Free World Association, Commodore Hotel, New York, NY, entitled "What Are We Fighting For?": "This is a fight between a slave world and a free world. ... The world must make its decision for a complete victory, one way or another." 40 min. 208-2 1942, May 30. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles, speech at Memorial Day ceremony, Arlington National Cemetery, "None of us can afford to think of ourselves. None of us can dare to do less than his full part in the common effort...." 35 min. 200(R)-78 1942, June 12. President Roosevelt, radio appeal for support of the scrap rubber campaign, held because the Japanese had cut off ca.92 percent of the U. S. rubber supply. 8 min. 200(R)-212B 1942, July 23. Secretary of State Hull, "What America Is Fighting For," an address on U. S. war aims. 44 min. 59-4 1942, August 6. President Roosevelt, remarks on presentation under lend-lease of a submarine chaser to Queen Wilhelmina for the Dutch Navy, Washington Navy Yard: "We, too, are fighting for our freedom and it is natural and right that The Netherlands and the United States have joined hands in the common struggle." 4 min. 200(R)-212A 1942, September 7. President Roosevelt, Labor Day fireside chat on the cost of living and the progress of the war: "If the vicious spiral of inflation ever gets under way, the whole economic system will stagger." 30 min. 200(R)-214 1942, September 16. President Roosevelt, remarks on the transfer under lend-lease of a submarine chaser to Norway: "If there is anyone who still wonders why this war is being fought, let him look to Norway." 5 min. 200(R)-213A 1942, November 8. John R. Richards, Supervisor of Gas Rationing, Office of Price Administration (OPA), Raymond Berry, chairman of the Detroit Board of Commerce, Royce Howes, Detroit Free Press, and George Cushing, WJR moderator, radio discussion of gasoline rationing in the Detroit area and its effect on warworkers and war production; followed by a bulletin announcing the Allied invasion of North Africa. 30 min. 188-5 1942, November 19. Leon Henderson, OPA Administrator, James Kennedy, chairman of the War Price and Rationing Board of Middleboro, Mass., Mrs. Arthur W. Flint, and Luther R. Harris, radio discussion of fuel-oil rationing in the New England area and converting oil heating units to coal. 15 min. 188-141 1942, November. Corp. John F. Barctek relating the rescue of himself, Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, and other crew members of a flying fortress after they had drifted for 22 days on a raft in the Pacific. 7 min. 407-5 1942, December 10. OPA Administrator Henderson answering consumers' questions about rationing and rent and price controls. 15 min. 188-144 1942, December 31. Paul O'Leary, OPA Deputy Administrator in Charge of Rationing, discussing the new point-rationing system of canned and packaged foods. 15 min. 188-146 1943 1943, February 18. Madame Chiang, wife of Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Chinese Republic, address to a joint session of Congress on American-Chinese relations and the war effort. 25 min. 12-11 1943, May 2. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on the Federal seizure of the coal mines to prevent a strike: "There can be no one among us-no one faction-powerful enough to interrupt the forward march of our people to victory." 30 min. 208-94 1943, May 7. Joseph Goebbels, propaganda minister of the Third Reich, address at funeral of Viktor Lutze, S.A. leader of Hanover. (In German.) 30 min. 262-203 1943, May 14. Prime Minister Churchill, radio address to the British Home Guard from the White House, Washington, D. C.* 15 min. 200(R)-128 1943, May 19. Prime Minister Churchill, address before a joint session of Congress: "For more than five hundred days-every day a day we have toiled and suffered and dared, shoulder to shoulder against the cruel enemy-we have acted in close combination or concert in many parts of the world, on land, on sea, and in the air."* 58 min. 200(R)-129 1943, June 10. President Roosevelt, address on the transfer under lend-lease of a submarine chaser to the Greek Government, Washington Navy Yard: "Today, Greece is a gaunt and haggard sample of what the Axis is so eager and willing to hand to all the world." 5 min. 200(R)-217A 1943, July 28. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on the progress of the war and plans for peace: "The massed, angered forces of common humanity are on the march. . . . The first crack in the Axis has come. The criminal, corrupt Fascist regime in Italy is going to pieces." 30 min. 200(R)-223 1943, October 4. Heinrich Himmler. head of the Gestapo and SS, at a meeting of SS major generals held in Posen, occupied Poland, speaking of German suffering and loss of life in Russia and openly expressing his determination to eliminate European Jews. (Excerpt of speech: in German.) 15 min. 242-229 1943, December 24. President Roosevelt. Christmas Eve fireside chat on Teheran and Cairo Conferences: "Keep us strong in our faith that we fight for a better day for humankind." 30 min. 200(R)-221 ca. 1943 Dillon S. Meyer. Director of the War Relocation Authority, interviewed by an unidentified NBC newsman, discussing the relocation of approximately 110,000 Japanese-Americans from the west coast of the United States to 10 relocation centers in seven States. Topics include the administration living conditions, educational and medical facilities, and staffing of the centers.* 14 min. 210-12 ca. 1943. J. William Fulbright. Congressman from Arkansas and U S. delegate, to the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education, speaking of Nazi destruction of educational facilities in conquered countries, the need to help conquered peoples reconstruct their educational systems when they are liberated, and congressional support of the Conference. 8 min. 208-324 ca. 1943. Harriet Elliot. Associate Administrator in Charge of the Consumer Division. OPA, explaining to women how to conserve products needed for the war effort. 12 min. 48-35 1944 1944, March 11. Lord Halifax. British Ambassador to the United States: "Lend-lease was born of a great conviction and a great need. ... How could the United States help Britain to carry on to a victory that was as vital to her and to the world as it was to us? The President and his advisers found the answer to the question in lend-lease." 8 min. 208-332 1944, April 5. Wendell Wilkie, statement of withdrawal from the presidential race after being defeated in the Wisconsin Republican primary. 6 min. 200(R)-108 1944, June 5. President Roosevelt, fireside chat on the fall of Rome: "The first of the Axis capitals is now in our hands. One up and two to go!" 15 min. 200(R)-224 1944, June 6. President Roosevelt. prayer for the success of the Normandy invasion and for eventual world peace. 8 min. 208-110A 1944, June 12. President Roosevelt, fireside chat opening the Fifth War Loan Drive and reporting on the progress of the war. 15 min. 200(R)-222A 1944, August. Glenn Perry: "There can be no question that the war in Europe has been shortened by the Allied landings on the Mediterranean coast of France. . . . It seems reasonable to hope that all of France will be liberated by Allied military might before the holiday that Americans call Thanksgiving Day."* 7 min. 208-310 1944, June. Brig. Gen. H. S. Hansell, report on American B-29 bomber strikes against the Germans and Japanese. 3 min. 208-318 1944, July 20. President Roosevelt, address broadcast from a Pacific-coast naval base to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Ill.. accepting a fourth-term nomination. 20 min. 200(R)-142 1944, July 27. Berlin broadcast to Allied forces: war news: "Surpassing the Enemy's Head Start." by Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, read by a Nazi commentator: "Home Sweet Home," a program consisting of American music and comments by "Midge," Mildred Elizabeth Gillars. an American citizen dubbed "Axis Sally" by the GIs. 60 min. at 3.75 I.P.S. 262-09315 1944, August 14. "Zero Hour," Japanese broadcast to Allied forces in the South Pacific: music; war news and commentary; music with "Ann the Orphan," Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American, dubbed "Tokyo Rose" by the GIs; news from the United States, including news of the presidential campaign; music and commentary. 35 min. 262-107 1944, August 31. Warren Austin, U. S. Senator from Vermont, speaking on world peace, following the World Security Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D. C. 8 min. 208-277 1944, August. Jennings Randolph, Congressman from West Virginia and chairman of the House District Committee, congratulating the French people on the liberation of Paris. 5 min. 208-307 1944, September 22. John Cooper, NBC war correspondent, report from a navy cruiser in the Pacific describing the action aboard the ship during the first landing of U. S. troops on the island of Palau.* 12 min. 38-7 1944, October 5. President Roosevelt, radio address from the White House during presidential campaign: "The right to vote must be open to our citizens irrespective of race, color, or creed-without tax or artificial restriction of any kind." 30 min. 200(R)-112 1944, October 12. President Roosevelt, address on accepting the Four Freedoms Award, presented by the Italian-American Labor Council: "The American Army--including thousands of Americans of Italian descent--entered Italy not as conquerors, but as liberators. Their objective is military, not political. When that military objective is accomplished--and much of it has not yet been accomplished--the Italian people will be free to work out their own destiny, under a government of their own choosing." 7 min. 200(R)-227B 1944, October 21. President Roosevelt, radio address at dinner of the Foreign Policy Association, New York. N.Y.: "Peace, like war, can succeed only where there is a will to enforce it, and where there is available power to enforce it." 57 min. 200(R)-113 1944, December 29. Gen. Anthony C. McAuliffe recounting the German demand to surrender Bastogne, Belgium, which was held by the 101st Airborne Division against overwhelming odds, and his reply. "Nuts!" 2 min. 208-3 ca. 1944. "Soldiers with Coupons," a radio dramatization by the OPA explaining rationing, price controls, and their purposes. 15 min. 188-26 1945 1945, January 20. President Roosevelt, fourth inaugural address, "We have learned to be citizens of the world, members of the human community." (Roosevelt's wartime inauguration; in order to save money, manpower, and materials, it was held in front of the White House rather than at the Capitol.) 30 min. 200(R)-147 1945, March 1. President Roosevelt. address to the Congress, reporting on the Yalta Conference and discussing the upcoming San Francisco Conference: "Twenty-five years ago, American fighting men looked to the statesmen of the world to finish the work of peace for which they fought and suffered. We failed them then. We cannot fail them again, and expect the world again to survive." 60 min. 200(R)-148 1945, April 14. NBC announcer describing the arrival of President Roosevelt's funeral train at Union Station, Washington. D. C., and the procession from Union Plaza down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House.* 2 hrs. 7 min. 208-134 1945, April 16. President Harry S. Truman, first official appearance before Congress as President: "With great humility I call upon all Americans to help me keep our nation united in defense of those ideals which have been so eloquently proclaimed by Franklin Roosevelt." 30 min. 200(R)-163 1945, April 25. President Truman, address opening the San Francisco Conference of the United Nations: "... I earnestly appeal to each and every one of you to rise above personal interests, and adhere to those lofty principles, which benefit all mankind." 15 min. 200(R)-165 1945, May 2. NBC newsman describing the signing of unconditional surrender by German forces in Italy at Caserta. April 29, 1945 (the first formal surrender since Allied troops entered Europe), and reading a statement issued by President Truman.* 17 min. 208-163 1945, May 30. Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, address urging Americans to take jobs in shipyards and to buy more war bonds. 8 min. 38-5 1945, June 18. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, report to a joint session of Congress on the war in Europe and Africa, the defeat of Germany, and British-American relations and discussion of what remained to be done to win the war in the Pacific. 28 min. 38-15 1945, August 9. President Truman, radio report to the American people on the Potsdam Conference and the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. 30 min. 200(R)-149 1945, September 1. The surrender of Japan: Gen. Douglas MacArthur opens the surrender ceremony aboard the battleship U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, presides over the signing, and closes the ceremony. Newscasters Webley Edwards and Merrill Mueller describe the proceedings. President Truman, address to the American people from the White House after the singing: "The thoughts and hopes of all America-indeed of all the civilized world-are centered tonight on the battleship Missouri. There on that small piece of American soil anchored in Tokyo Harbor the Japanese have just officially laid down their arms. They have signed terms of unconditional surrender." General MacArthur, proclamation of victory: "Today the guns are silent, a great tragedy has ended, a great victory has been won, the skies no longer rain death, the seas bear only calmness, men everywhere walk upright in the sunlight, the entire world lies quietly at peace, the whole mission has been completed." Admiral Nimitz, proclamation of victory: "On all naval vessels at sea and in port and at our many island bases in the Pacific, there is rejoicing and thanksgiving. A long and bitter struggle which Japan started so treacherously on December 7, 1941, is at an end." * 53 min. 200(R)-124 now the nazis death part but only voices to sad to show events D-Day is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. "D-Day" often represents a variable, designating the day upon which some significant event will occur or has occurred; see Military designation of days and hours for similar terms. The initial D in D-Day has had various meanings in the past, while more recently it has obtained the connotation of "Day" itself, thereby creating the phrase "Day-Day", or "Day of Days". On the same principle, the equivalent terms in French, Basque and Romanian are , and . The best known D-Day is June 6, 1944 — the day of the Normandy Landings— initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after that operation. The terms D-Day and H-Hour are used for the day and hour on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. They designate the day and hour of the operation when the day and hour have not yet been determined, or where secrecy is essential. For a given operation, the same D-Day and H-Hour apply for all units participating in it. When used in combination with numbers, and plus or minus signs, these terms indicate the point of time preceding or following a specific action. Thus, H−3 means 3 hours before H-Hour, and D+3 means 3 days after D-Day. (By extension, H+75 minutes is used for H-Hour plus 1 hour and 15 minutes.) Planning papers for large-scale operations are made up in detail long before specific dates are set. Thus, orders are issued for the various steps to be carried out on the D-Day or H-Hour minus or plus a certain number of days, hours, or minutes. At the appropriate time, a subsequent order is issued that states the actual day and times. thats enough u r crying my favorite son is 2 weeks here i will give u the song and you neglected I called you out don't please I said we're stronger than this now you resurrected mistakes years past it seemed and they exist to still haunt you and still you feel like the loneliness is better replaced by this I don't believe it this way and I can see the fear in your eyes I've seen it materialize Growing stronger each day I could see it as you turned to stone Still clearly I can hear you say don't, please don't , give up on me two weeks and you ran away I remember don't lie to me you couldn't see that it was not that way swear I never gave up on you I wanted nothing but for that trust again and brick by brick you would take it You feared of phantoms and none exist but you you still saw fit to destroy it and still you feel like the loneliness is better replaced by this I don't believe it this way and I can see the fear in your eyes I've seen it materialize growing stronger each day I could see it as you turned to stone still clearly I can hear you say don't ,please, don't give up on me two weeks and you ran away I remember don't lie to me you couldn't see that it was not that way swear I never gave up on you and you neglected I called you out don't please I said we're stronger than this now You feared of phantoms and none exist but you you still saw fit to destroy it and I can see the fear in your eyes I've seen it materialize growing stronger each day I could see it as you turned to stone still clearly I can hear you say don't, please, don't give up on me two weeks you ran away I could see it as you turned to stone still clearly I can hear you say don't, please, don't give up on me two weeks and you ran away I remember don't lie to me you couldn't see that it was not that way swear I never gave up on you i am a elf bye subway eat that u will love it and its ggod for u i will give u my movie review of cars well its ok if u are 5 taking cars is inmachere but if u want to grow hair on your balls see 28weeks later its bloodier than 28days later but it has no story realy it does but well it realy is focus moreon the killing now get a review on anything ervry weekd i will update my profile ervry week. energy drinks are bad for u its shit in a can. people die from this. u want to hear something sad here is all the names of people that died in venom Adams, William E. Albanese, Lewis Anderson, James Anderson, Richard A. Ashley, Eugene, Jr. Austin, Oscar P. Barker, Jedh C. Barnes, John A. III Belcher, Ted Bellrichard, Leslie A. Bennett, Steven L. Bennett, Thomas W. Blanchfield, Michael R. Bobo, John P. Bowen, Hammett L. Jr. Bruce, Daniel D. Bryant, William M. Buker, Brian L. Burke, Robert C. Capodanno, Vincent Caron, Wayne M. Carter, Bruce W. Coker, Ronald L. Connor, Peter S. Cook, Donald G. Creek, Thomas E. Crescenz, Michael J. Cutinha, Nicholas J. Dahl, Larry G. Davis, Rodney M. De La Garza, Emilio A. Devore, Edward A., Jr. Dias, Ralph E. Dickey, Douglas E. Doane, Stephen H. Durham, Harold B.,Jr. English, Glenn H.,Jr. Estocin, Michael J. Evans, Donald W., Jr. Evans, Rodney, Jr. Fernandez, Daniel Fleek, Charles C. Folland, Michael F. Foster, Paul H. Fournet, Douglas B. Fous, James W. Fratellenico, Frank R. Gardner, James A. Gertsch, John G. Gonzalez, Alfredo Graham, James A. Grandstaff, Bruce A. Grant, Joseph X. Graves, Terrence C. Guenette, Peter M. Hagen, Loren D. Hartsock, Robert W. Harvey, Carmel B., Jr. Hibbs, Robert J. Holcomb, John N. Hosking, Charles E., Jr. Howe, James D. Ingalls, George A. Jenkins, Robert H., Jr. Jimenez, Jose F. Johnson, Donald R. Johnson, Ralph H. Karopczyc, Stephan E. Kawamura, Terry T. Kedenburg, John J. Keith, Miguel Langhorn, Garfield M. LaPointe, Joseph G., Jr. Lauffer, Billy L. Law, Robert D. Lee, Milton A. Leisy, Robert R. Leonard, Matthew Long, Donald R. Lozada, Carlos J. Lucas, Andre C. Martini, Gary W. Maxam, Larry L. McDonald, Phill G. McKibben, Ray McMahon, Thomas J. McWethy, Edgar Lee Michael, Don L. Miller, Gary L. Molnar, Frankie Z. Monroe, James H. Morgan, William D. Murray, Robert C. Nash, David P. Newlin, Melvin E. Noonan, Thomas Jr. Olive, Milton L. III Olson, Kenneth L. Ouellet, David G. Paul, Joe C. Perkins, William T. Jr. Peters, Lawrence D. Petersen, Danny J. Phipps, Jimmy W. Pierce, Larry S. Pitsenbarger, William Pitts, Riley S. Port, William D. Poxon, Robert L. Prom, William R. Pruden, Robert J. Rabel, Lazlo Ray, David R. Reasoner, Frank S. Roark, Anund C. Robinson, James W., Jr. Rubio, Euripides Santiago-Colon, Hector Sargent, Ruppert L. Seay, William W. Shea, Daniel J. Shields, Marvin G. Sijan, Lance P. Sims, Clifford C. Singleton, Walter K. Sisler, George K. Skidgel, Donald S. Smedley, Larry E. Smith, Elmelindo R. Steindam, Russel A. Stewart, Jimmy G. Stone, Lester R., Jr. Stout, Mitchell W. Stryker, Robert F. Swanson, Jon E. Taylor, Karl G., Sr. Versace, Humbert Warren, John E., Jr. Watters, Charles J. Wayrynen, Dale E. Weber, Lester W. Wheat, Roy M. Wickam, Jerry W. Wilbanks, Hilliard A. Willett, Louis E. Williams, Dewayne T. Wilson, Alfred M. Winder, David F. Worley, Kenneth L. Yabes, Maximo Yano, Rodney J.T. Yntema, Gordon D. Young, Marvin R. this is the halo spot Halo is a science fiction video game franchise created by Bungie and owned and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The main trilogy of games center on the experiences of the Master Chief, a cybernetically-enhanced human super-soldier, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana. The Master Chief aids future humanity in battling the Covenant, a theocratic alliance of alien races that worship an ancient civillisation known as the Forerunners, and a parasitic organisms known as the Flood. In this science fiction setting, the term "Halo" refers to Halo megastructures: large, habitable ringed structures, similar to Larry Niven's Ringworld.[1][2] The trilogy of video games have been praised as being among the best first-person shooters on a video game console, and are considered the Microsoft Xbox's "killer app".[3] This has led to the term "Halo killer" being used to describe console games that aspire, or are considered, to be better than Halo.[4] Fueled by the success of Halo: Combat Evolved, and immense marketing campaigns from publisher Microsoft, both sequels went on to break various sales records. Halo 3 sold more than US$170 million worth of copies in the first twenty-four hours of release, breaking the record set by Halo 2 three years prior.[5][6] The games have sold over 27 million copies worldwide. Strong sales of the games has led to the franchise's expansion to other mediums; there are five bestselling novels, two graphic novels, and other licensed products. Beyond the original trilogy, other "Halo" games have branched off into other video game genres, including Halo Wars, a real-time strategy game produced as developer Ensemble Studios' last project. Recently released was the spin-off/expansion pack Halo 3: ODST; still in development is Halo: Reach. The majority of the series' award-winning music was composed by Martin O'Donnell and his partner Michael Salvatori. Soundtracks have been released for all games in the series. The cultural impact of the Halo series has been compared by writer Brian Bendis to that of Star Wars.[7] The collective group of fans of the series is referred to as the "Halo Nation".[8] back to world war 2The origins of the Second World War are generally viewed as being traced back to the First World War (1914-1918). In that war Germany under the ultra-nationalistic Kaiser Wilhelm II along with its allies, had been defeated by a combination of the United Kingdom, United States, France, Russia and others. The war was directly blamed by the victors on the miltant nationalism of the Kaiser's Germany; it was Germany that effectively started the war with an attack on France through Belgium. France, which had suffered a previous defeat at the hands of Prussia (a state that merged one year later with others to form Germany) in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, demanded revenge for its financial devastation during the First World War (and its humiliation in the earlier war) ensured that the various peace treaties, specifically the Treaty of Versailles imposed tough financial reparations and restrictions on Germany. A New Republic A new democratic German republic, known as the Weimar Republic, came into being. After some success it was hit by hyperinflation and other serious economic problems. Right wing nationalist elements under a variety of movements, but most notably the Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler, sought to blame Germany's "humiliating" status on the harshness of the post-war settlement, on the weakness of democratic government, and on the Jews, whom it claimed possessed a financial stranglehold on Germany. Hitler was appointed Reichskanzler (Chancellor) on January 30, 1933, by the aged President von Hindenburg. Hitler's government exercised much of its power through the special emergency powers possessed by the President under the constitution. The National World War II Memorial will be the first national memorial dedicated to all who served during World War II. The memorial, which will be established by the American Battle Monuments Commission, will honor all military veterans of the war, the citizens on the home front, the nation at large, and the high moral purpose and idealism that motivated the nation's call to arms. The Second World War will be the only 20th century event commemorated on the Mall�s central axis.Preceding events In Europe, the origins of the war are closely tied to the rise of fascism, especially in Nazi Germany. A discussion of how the Nazis came to power is a requisite in this context. The origins of the Second World War are generally viewed as being traced back to the First World War (1914-1918). In that war Germany under the ultra-nationalistic Kaiser Wilhelm II along with its allies, had been defeated by a combination of the United Kingdom, United States, France, Russia and others. The war was directly blamed by the victors on the miltant nationalism of the Kaiser's Germany; it was Germany that effectively started the war with an attack on France through Belgium. France, which had suffered a previous defeat at the hands of Prussia (a state that merged one year later with others to form Germany) in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, demanded revenge for its financial devastation during the First World War (and its humiliation in the earlier war) ensured that the various peace treaties, specifically the Treaty of Versailles imposed tough financial reparations and restrictions on Germany. A new democratic German republic, known as the Weimar Republic, came into being. After some success it was hit by hyperinflation and other serious economic problems. Right wing nationalist elements under a variety of movements, but most notably the Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler, sought to blame Germany's "humiliating" status on the harshness of the post-war settlement, on the weakness of democratic government, and on the Jews, whom it claimed possessed a financial stranglehold on Germany. Hitler was appointed Reichskanzler (Chancellor) on January 30, 1933, by the aged President von Hindenburg. Hitler's government exercised much of its power through the special emergency powers possessed by the President under the constitution. These powers enabled a government with the President's powers to effectively bypass the Reichstag (federal parliament). Under a further disastrous clause in the Weimar constitution when the President died, his office was temporarily assumed by the Chancellor. As a result, when Hindenburg died, the immense powers of the presidency fell into the hands of Adolf Hitler. Through the possession of those powers and an Enabling Act that allowed the nazi government to bypass and ignore the constitution, Hitler ensured his possession of the presidential powers became permanent and so gained dictatorial control over Germany. The Italian economy also fell into a deep slump following World War I. Anarchists were endemic, Communist and other Socialist agitators abounded among the trade unions, and many were gravely worried that a Bolshevik-style Communist revolution was imminent. After a number of liberal governments failed to rein in these threats, Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III invited right-wing politician Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party to form a government in 1922, following their largely symbolic Marca su Roma (March on Rome). The Fascists maintained an armed paramilitary wing, which they employed to fight Anarchists, Communists, and Socialists. Within a few years, Mussolini had consolidated dictatorial power, and Italy became a police state. On January 7, 1935, he and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval signed the Italo-French agreements. Meanwhile in Germany, once political consolidation (Gleichschaltung) was in place, the Nazis turned their attention to foreign policy with several increasingly daring acts. On March 16, 1935, the Versailles Treaty was violated as Hitler ordered Germany to re-arm. Germany also reintroduced military conscription (the treaty stated that the German Army should not exceed 100,000 men). These steps produced nothing more than official protests from Britain and France, for they were more serious about enforcing the economic provisions of the treaty than its military restrictions. Many Brits felt the restrictions placed on Germany in Versailles had been too harsh, and they believed that Hitler's aim was simply to undo the extremes of the treaty, not to go beyond that. Faced with no opposition, Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland on March 7, 1936. Under the Versailles treaty, the Rhineland should have been demilitarized, for France wanted it for a buffer between herself and Germany. But, as before, Hitler's defiance was met with inaction. The first German conquest was Austria. After Italy had joined the Anti-Comintern Pact, thereby removing the main obstacle of a Anschluss of Austria, Germany announced the annexation on March 12, 1938, making it a German province: "Gau Ostmark." With Austria secured, Hitler turned his attention to Czechoslovakia. His first order of business was to seize the Sudetenland, a mountainous area in northeast part of the country. With Austria in German hands, the tiny state was nearly surrounded. Following lengthy negotiations, and blatant war threats from Hitler, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. poker ch