This is really one of the worst matchmaking systems
ever created. >:(
Noobs get to face battle-hardened veterans, no problem,
and you have to spend a lot of money to get proper game.
Try to get close to the enemy, fire, and fall back to reduce the damage you take. Also, for frigates and galleons: after firing, board a sloop brigantine instead of firing at it, because it will not reduce your crew much, so you can attack multiple targets with one ship without much danger.
Frigates are the best ships, to my opinion. Sure, they are not as good as galleons, but the slow speed and high price of galleons make them unreleliable in long battles.