I've (mostly) figured out achievements!
The first row, with the "resources" icon, is either based off how much of the given resource you've created OR the max storage size.
The T1, T2, etc. rows are based on how MANY of that resource generator you have (25, 50, etc.). So ultimately, to get all of the achievements you need 250 of every resource generator during the given run. And since the number of achievements directly impacts how much Dark Matter you get during rebirth, buying a lot of each resource generator is definitely a priority.
I'm surprised as much is working as it is since it's a flash game!